Descrizione breve:Manoscritto composito contenente testo e musica per la celebrazione dell’ufficio benedettino, comprendente un antifonario con neumi completo (adiastematico). Aiutano a stabilire una possibile provenienza la presenza di feste per santi locali (Disibod, Afra, Albano) e l’ampio repertorio per Martino.(fly)
Descrizione aggiuntiva: P. Benedictus Gottwald, Catalogus codicum manu scriptorum qui asservantur in Bibliotheca Monasterii O.S.B. Engelbergensis in Helvetia, Freiburg im Breisgau 1891, p. 120.
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Descrizione aggiuntiva: Bruckner Albert, Scriptoria Medii Aevi Helvetica 8, Schreibschulen der Diözese Konstanz, Stift Engelberg, Genf 1950, S. 105.
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Online dal: 21.12.2010
Engelberg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 103
Pergamena · 200 ff. · 20.8 x 12.6 cm · monastero benedettino nella Renania-Palatinato, forse Sponheim (o Disibondenberg) · primo terzo del sec. XIII
Breviarium antiquissimum (sezioni principali: lezionario, litanie, antifonario con neumi, parte dell'innario, calendario, capitolario, collettario)
Come citare:
Engelberg, Stiftsbibliothek, Cod. 103, f. 85r – Breviarium antiquissimum (sezioni principali: lezionario, litanie, antifonario con neumi, parte dell'innario, calendario, capitolario, collettario) (https://www.e-codices.ch/it/list/one/bke/0103)
Titolo del codice: Breviarium antiquissimum (Major sections: Lectionary, Litany, Neumed Antiphoner, Partial Hymnary, Calendar of Saints, Capitulary, Collectar)
Luogo di origine: Rhineland Benedictine Monastery, possibly Disibodenberg (Omlin), more probaby Sponheim (Choate)
Datazione: First third of the thirteenth century
Segnatura precedente:
5/39 (Gottwald)
Dimensioni:
200 folios
Formato: 20.8 x 12.6 cm
Numerazione delle pagine: Arabic numerals begin on fol. 2r and continue for all recto parchment leaves. There is no gap in the foliation although gatherings are clearly missing.
Composizione dei fascicoli: 2 paper leaves (first leaf glued to front cover); 18-218; 228 (missing leaf 8); three gatherings (octavos?) missing; 3 single folios glued on to thin parchment strips for support; 238-248; 256; 4 paper leaves (last leaf glued to back cover).
Disposizione della pagina:
Size: 19.4 x 11.3 cm. Fols 1v-72v, 172r-176r, 179r-200r have a writing block in two columns of 17 x 5 cm, spanning 48 lines. Fols 73v-171v are written in full lines and have a writing block of 14.5 x 8.5 cm spanning 35 lines of text. The Calendar (fols 176v-178r) follows its own format (two columns of 54-58 lines).
Tipo di scrittura e mani:
This is a composite manuscript with some later additions. Each of the main sections is in a different hand.
A change of closely contemporary (early thirteenth-century) hands can be seen between the temporale and sanctorale of the lectionary on fol. 56v, where a devotional prayer on the sign of the cross is entered in a hand that appears to be that of the scribe for fols 57r-72v.
Fols 197r-200r contain additions to originally blank pages in a later thirteenth-century hand.
The first parchment folio (1r) contains early (perhaps eleventh-century) writing (faded, scraped and perhaps originally glued to the front board).
The fourth side of the back binding-pages contains late fifteenth-century writing with a notice dated 1494.
Notazione musicale: with German non-diastemmatic (proto-gothic) neumes entered above each line, and psalm cadences added in left margins on versos and in right margins on rectos.
Decorazione:
The rubrication is careful and detailed throughout, marking both main divisions and sub-sections.
Initials: Red (mostly undecorated) initials mark major divisions, except for the later additions on fols 197v-200r, where divisions are marked with green initials. Within the two-column format, major sections are marked by initials 4-6 lines in height; subdivisions are generally marked by initials two or rarely three lines in height centered on the line to which they apply (taking up interlinear space above and below). Within the full line format (73v-171v) there are larger decorated initials marking major sections. However, on fol. 73v, the large (11-line) decorated initial ‘E’ marking the First Vespers responsory of Advent that begins the antiphoner has been cut out. On the same folio, there is a 6-line inhabited inital ‘A’ written in red ink with black ink detail, marking the first Matins responsory for Advent. Fol. 123r contains a 6-line initial ‘A’ executed in red and black on a yellow background, marking the first Matins responsory for Easter.
Contenuto:
Feast abbreviations follow those established by CANTUS: A Database for Latin Ecclesiastical Chant, http://publish.uwo.ca/~cantus/feasts.html. Partial rubrics are expanded (and comments given) in round brackets. Fols 1r-72v Lectionary (Typical format: Sundays and Feasts contain 8 mostly biblical lections, a Gospel Lection, and 4 lections from a related homily. Ferial days contain 3 lections.)
Fol. 1r faded (scraped or glued) writing as late as 11th century
Fols 1v-56v: Lectiones de tempore (gatherings 1-7)
Fol. 35v Octava Pentecostes; Dom. 1 p. Oct. Pent.
(The Gospel Lections and Homilies missing from this point on are supplied starting at 49r; No Ferial days.)
Fol. 55v Dom. (22) p. Oct. Pent. (no rubric); Dominica uel feria lectio (23 p. Oct Pent.?)
Fol. 56r Dom. uel Fer. (no rubric; 24 p. Oct. Pent.?)
Fol. 56v First 27 lines of column conclude Lections. This is followed by a devotional prayer (12 lines) on the sign of the cross written in another closely contemporary hand: Inuoco patrem et filium et spiritum sanctum ut signum sancte crucis sit super me, etc. The second column is blank.
Fols 57r-70v:
Lectiones de Sanctis (gathering 8 + first six leaves of gathering 9)
Fols 70v-71r:Hic inuenies euangelia per circulum anni de festis que sunt duodecim lectionum intitulata.
(List of 12 lection Feasts and Gospel Lection incipits for them.)
Fols 174r-175v Hymnary (De Tempore; Ordinary Sundays and Feria, Advent and Christmas only)
Three missing gatherings that probably contained the rest of the Hymnary and (according to Omlin) a Psalter.
Fols 176r-178v: Three-leaf insert (Collects, Calendar of Saints, additions)
Fol. 176r Three collects, possibly the conclusion to a litany (Omlin) [...] pro quibus tuam clementiam salutem mentis et corporis, etc.; Deus cui omne cor patet, etc.; Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui vivorum dominaris simul et mortuorum, etc.
Fols 176v-178r Calendar of Saints. Since there are entries for every day of the year, the Calendar functions as an abbreviated martyrology rather than a calendar for organising liturgical celebration (Omlin).
Fol. 178v Office of the Dead (End of Matins and Lauds) written in a fifteenth-century hand.
Four paper leaves, blank except for verso of second leaf which contains an item beginning Item quinque psalmi de passione Domini and a faint notice dated the first Sunday of September, 1494.
Provenienza del manoscritto:
Omlin made a case based on the presence of materials for St Disibod for a Disibodenberg provenance (see fols 71r-v, 139r, 190v). Omlin suggests that the inserted Calendar of Saints (fols 176v-178r) might help confirm the relationship to Disibodenberg if compared to Bern, Bürgerbibliothek 226 (a martyrology from Disibodenberg), but Choate has pointed out that while Bern, Burgerbibliothek 226 makes frequent mention of St Disibod, Disibod does not appear at all in the Calendar of Saints in Engelberg 103. Engelberg 103 has been discussed as representative of a late instance of the influence of the Hirsau reform movement and representative of the liturgy that may have influenced Hildegard of Bingen (though the manuscript itself postdates her time at Disibodenberg (Jeffreys, Heinzer, Pfau and Morent, and Simon). Choate suggests the alternative provenance of Sponheim (which lies on the opposite bank of the river Nahe from Disibodenberg), arguing that the prominence given to St Martin (and Mary) in the manuscript (see for example fol. 71v and fols 150v-153r) makes Sponheim (dedicated to these saints) the more likely provenance. Choate notes that the abbot and community from Sponheim were present at the Disibodenberg when St Disibod’s tomb was opened on 1 April, 1138, and that the repertory of the manuscript thus still offers a context that can be used (with caution) for understanding Hildegard’s liturgical thought and works.
Bibliografia:
Tova Leigh Choate, Margot E. Fassler, and William T. Flynn, ‘Hearing the Heavenly Symphony: An Overview of Hildegard’s Musical Oeuvre with Case Studies’: ‘III. Engelberg 103: Window on Hildegard’s Liturgical Understanding?’ in A Companion to Hildegard of Bingen, ed. B. Kienzle, G. Ferzocco (Leiden: Brill, forthcoming).
Catherine Jeffreys ‘'Melodia et Rhetorica': the Devotional-Song Repertory of Hildegard of Bingen,’ University of Melbourne, 2000), p. 74, http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/1244.
Réné-Jean Hesbert, Corpus Antiphonalium Officii, Vol. 5 (Rome, 1975), p. 8
Felix Heinzer, Klosterreform und mittelalterliche Buchkultur im deutschen Südwesten (Leiden, 2008), pp. 393-94.
Michel Huglo, Les Tonaires: Inventaire, Analyse, Comparaison (Paris, 1971), p. 120.
Ephrem Omlin, ‘Das ältere Engelberger Osterspiel und der cod. 103 der Stiftsbibliothek Engelberg,’ in Corolla heremitana: Neue Beiträge zur Kunst und Geschichte Einsiedelns und der Innerschweiz, ed. Albert Knoepfli, P. Maximilian Roesle, and Alfred A. Schmid (Olten, 1964), pp. 101–26.
Marianne Richert Pfau and Stefan Johannes Morent, Hildegard von Bingen: Der Klang des Himmels (Cologne, 2005), pp. 53, 60.
Eckehard Simon, ‘Hildegard of Bingen (1098-1179) and Her Music Drama Ordo Virtutum: A Critical Review of Scholarship and Some New Suggestions,’ a paper prepared for the XIIIth Triennial Colloquium of the Société Internationale pour l’Étude du Théâtre Médiéval, Giessen, Germany, 19-24 July 2010, p. 12, http://www.uni-giessen.de/~g91159/dokumente/SITM%20Simon.pdf.
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